A laboratory investigation of wave forces induced by a regular train of waves on a large pipeline resting on the bed and at various clearances from the bed is presented. From considerations of dimensional analysis horizontal and vertical components of wave forces acting on the pipeline are expressed as force coefficients which are shown to be functions mainly of H/2a, gT2/2a, d/a and e/2a. A simple unseparated flow model based on potential flow theory and Morison's equation is presented for evaluating the maximum forces on the pipeline. The experimental results are com3ared with the theoretical results and data from existing literature. Based on the experimental results, hydrodynamic coefficients CM and CL have been evaluated. © 1985.

V Sundar

Department of Ocean Engineering

Harihara Raman

Hydrodynamics

OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

MORISON'S EQUATION

ONSHORE TERMINAL FACILITIES

SEA BED

Pipelines

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IIT Madras has been ranked as the top engineering institute in India for four years in a row by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the MHRD

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IIT Madras

Wave forces on large offshore pipelines

Ocean Engineering

The wave pressure and uplift force due to random waves on a submarine pipeline (resting on bed, partially buried and fully buried) in clayey soil are measured. The influence of various parameters viz., wave period, wave height, water depth, burial depth and consistency index of the soil on wave pressures around and uplift force on the submarine pipeline was investigated. The wave pressures were measured at three locations around the submarine pipeline (each at 120° to the adjacent one). It is found that the wave pressure and uplift force spectrum at high consistency index of the soil is smaller compared to that of low consistency index. Just burying the pipeline (e/D=1.0) in clayey soil reduces the uplift force to less than 60% of the force experienced by a pipeline resting on the seabed (e/D=0.0) for Ic=0.33. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wave interaction with a submarine pipeline in clayey soil due to random waves

Experimental investigations are carried out on wave-induced pressures and uplift forces on a submarine pipeline (exposed, half buried and fully buried) in clayey soil of different consistency index both in regular and random waves. A study on scour under the pipeline resting on the clay bed is also carried out. It is found that the uplift force can be reduced by about 70%, if the pipeline is just buried in clay soil. The equilibrium scour depth below the pipeline is estimated as 42% of the pipe diameter for consistency index of 0.17 and is 34% of the pipe diameter for consistency index of 0.23. The results of the present investigations are compared with the results on sandy soil by Cheng and Liu (Appl. Ocean Res., 8(1986) 22) to acknowledge the benefit of cohesive soil in reducing the high pore pressure on buried pipeline compared to cohesionless soil. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wave pressures and uplift forces on and scour around submarine pipeline in clayey soil

Journal of Hydraulic Research

Wave Forces On Unburied Pipelines

Offshore Technology Conference

Hydrodynamic Drag On Bottom-Mounted Smooth And Rough Cylinders In Periodic Flow

Forces exerted by waves on a pipeline at or near the ocean bottom / by George L. Bowie.

Journal of Fluids Engineering

Forces on Cylinders Near a Plane Boundary in a Sinusoidally Oscillating Fluid

Wave Force Coefficients from Pipeline Research in the Ocean

Journal	Ocean Engineering
ISSN	00298018
Open Access	No