This article is an attempt to empirically analyze the technology behaviour (R&D) of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) during the post Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) regime. This study is based on firm level data of 424 firms belonging to the IPI for the period 1994–2010. The empirical analysis is based on pooled cross sectional and random effects panel tobit models. The results of the study indicate that the TRIPS regime had a significant positive impact on R&D in the IPI. Firms owned by Indian groups are found to be more R&D intensive compared to stand-alone private and foreign firms. Further, export intensity and size are found to have significant impact on R&D intensity. © 2014 IMI SAGE Publications.