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Thermal fronts and attracting Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the north Bay of Bengal during December 2015–March 2016
Published in Elsevier Ltd
2019
Volume: 168
   
Abstract
We investigate two-dimensional advective stirring by satellite-derived ocean surface currents in the north Bay of Bengal during December 2015–March 2016 using the framework of Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS). The forward and backward finite-time Lyapunov exponent (fFTLE and bFTLE, respectively) fields indicate that freshwater parcels from the river run-off are subjected to intense stirring by the ocean surface currents, which contain both geostrophic and wind-forced Ekman currents. Large-scale thermal fronts present in the satellite-based sea surface temperature (SST) fields are then shown to closely resemble attracting LCS (aLCS) that govern horizontal advective stirring on subseasonal time scales. Statistical estimates of the angle between the thermal fronts (of all spatial scales present in the SST data) and the aLCS from the entire north Bay of Bengal show a preference to align with each other. Significantly, in the presence of sufficiently strong aLCS in their neighbourhood, thermal fronts are shown to have a strong preference to align with them. Finite-time advection of fluid particles over around a week to compute the bFTLE fields results in the strongest alignment between the thermal fronts and neighbouring aLCS. The robustness of our results are established by presenting analyses of (i) geostrophic currents from altimeter data, and (ii) a reanalysis-based fine-scale salinity field. Attracting LCS, identified as sufficiently strong ridges in the bFTLE fields, are argued to represent reasonable estimates of the location and orientation of fronts (thermal or salinity) formed by advective stirring over subseasonal time scales. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
About the journal
JournalData powered by TypesetDeep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
PublisherData powered by TypesetElsevier Ltd
ISSN09670645
Open AccessNo
Concepts (22)
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    Lagrange multipliers
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    Lyapunov methods
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    Surface waters
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    ADVECTIVE STIRRING
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    Bay of bengal
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    Finite-time lyapunov exponent
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    FRONTS
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    GEOSTROPHIC CURRENTS
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    Lagrangian coherent structures
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    OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS
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    Sea surface temperature (sst)
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    Ocean currents
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    Advection
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    Ekman transport
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    Finite element method
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    Geostrophic flow
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    HYDROTHERMAL FLUID
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    LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS
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    Salinity
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    SEA SURFACE
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    Sea surface temperature
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    Indian ocean