Thermal transport between CTAB passivated gold nanorods and solvent is studied by an optical pumpprobe technique. Increasing the free CTAB concentration from 1 mM to 10 mM causes a ∼3 × increase in the CTAB layer's effective thermal interface conductance and a corresponding shift in the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance. The transition occurs near the CTAB critical micelle concentration, revealing the importance of the role of free ligand on thermal transport. © 2008 American Chemical Society.