Objectives of this paper are to simulate flow velocity patterns of cardiac valves in normal and abnormal conditions using electrical equivalent lumped parameter Cardiovascular System (CVS) model and validate with real subjects' echocardiograph. Our model consists of detailed representation of supine human CVS with baroreflex control. Cardic valves are characterized by resistance, inertance and bernoulli's resistance to exactly mimic the nonlinear, turbulent flow nature of physiological valves. Echocardiographs of real patients with valve abnormalities are collected. Echo derived indexes are implemented in model by tuning appropriate parameters based on sensitivity analysis. The simulated flow velocity patterns are well matching with Echo Cardiograph and also the model derived hemodynamic indexes have good agreement with real data. Therefore, our model has the ability to simulate more complicated hemodynamic principles in mitral stenosis and regurgitation of mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary and aortic valves. ©2010 IEEE.

Manivannan Muniyandi

Department of Applied Mechanics

Abnormal conditions

AORTIC VALVES

BAROREFLEX

Bernoulli

CARDIAC VALVES

COMPONENT MATHEMATICAL MODEL

ECHOCARDIOGRAPH

Electrical equivalent

FLOW VELOCITY PATTERN

MITRAL STENOSIS

numerical simulation

VALVE ABNORMALITY

VELOCITY PATTERNS

cardiovascular system

Computer simulation

flow velocity

Hydrodynamics

Sensitivity analysis

Valves (mechanical)

velocity

Mathematical models

IIT Madras is a public technical and research university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Founded in 1959, it is recognised as an Institute of National Importance.

IIT Madras has been ranked as the top engineering institute in India for four years in a row by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the MHRD

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IIT Madras

Numerical simulation of cardiac valve flow velocity patterns in normal and abnormal conditions

2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies, ICCCCT 2010

A comprehensive lumped parameter electrical analog model of cardiopulmonary (CP) system to study the interaction between cardiovascular and respiratory system is presented. This model consists of 1) cardiovascular model which integrates four cardiac chambers with valves, pulmonary and systemic circulation, septal and pericardial coupling, and baroreflex control 2) respiratory system with lung mechanics and gas transport at alveolar-capillary membrane. The cardio-pulmonary interaction is realized by intrapleural pressure (Ppl). The governing equations for pressure, volume and flow in each vascular and respiratory compartment are derived from mass balance and continuity principles. Computer simulations are accomplished by numerically integrating the differential equations. Parameters of this combined model are adjusted to fit nominal data, yielding accurate hemodynamic waveforms and validated with literature data. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to individual model parameters. The respiratory influence on aortic pressure is analyzed with pulse pressure (PP) in Valsalva Maneuver(VM). Photoplethesmography is recorded to validate the aortic pressure variations in VM. The maximal percentage changes of PP in phase II of VM shows moderate negative correlation in both simulation and experiment. In summary, this model can be used to analyze cardiopulmonary interactions in normal and pathological states of both the systems. © 2010 IEEE.

ITC 2010 - 2010 International Conference on Recent Trends in Information, Telecommunication, and Computing

Valsalva maneuver for the analysis of interaction hemodynamic - Model study

A comprehensive model, which has the advantages of both lumped parameter and distributed parameter, has been developed with the objective of investigating the respiratory influences in radial artery pressure pulse as in photoplethysmography (PPG). It integrates lumped parameter cardiopulmonary (CP) model and transmission line arterial tree model from aorta to radial artery. The cardio-pulmonary interaction is realized by incorporating respiratory-induced variations in intrapleural pressure (Ppl) in circulatory system. The PPG signal of the model is considered as the radial artery pulse. To investigate the interaction Valsalva Maneuver (VM) condition has been simulated for different Ppl magnitude (10, 20, 30, and 40 mmHg) and for different time duration (5, 10, 15, and 20 s), and validated with PPG signal recorded in 10 normal subjects performing VM. The effects of test duration and VM pressure are studied in both the simulation and the experiments with specific focus on the maximal (%Δ) changes in Heart Rate (HR), and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) during phases II and IV of VM. The correlation coefficients derived from model result have good agreement with experimental results. As radial artery pulse plays important role in both allopathy and alternate medicine systems, this model can serve to study its clinical importance in detecting cardiac and respiratory pathologies. © 2010 Biomedical Engineering Society.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

Hybrid cardiopulmonary model for analysis of Valsalva Maneuver with radial artery pulse

Physiological Entomology

Author index

Computers and Biomedical Research

A Closed-Loop Model of the Canine Cardiovascular System That Includes Ventricular Interaction

Echocardiography

Aortic Regurgitation: Quantitative Methods by Echocardiography

Numerical Simulation of Cardiac Valve Flow velocity patterns in normal and abnormal conditions

Journal	2010 IEEE International Conference on Communication Control and Computing Technologies, ICCCCT 2010
Open Access	No