Fresh and hardened properties of a suite of cementitious binders with cement kiln dust (CKD) as the main binding component (70% by weight) are evaluated in this study. Two CKDs with different chemical and physical properties were used in formulating CKD-fly ash (FA) and CKD-slag mixtures without portland cement. The setting time, workability, and strength development of these pastes were evaluated first and the best-performing binders were then used as a component in making concrete. The strength and durability of such concrete is also evaluated. The CKD (1)-slag combination outperformed all other mixtures with respect to the strength and durability performance under various curing conditions. The elevated temperature curing was found to be essential for the property development of the CKD-FA binder. The performance of CKD containing mortar mixtures with respect to the delayed ettringite formation (DEF) and the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) was also good. The CKD that exhibited better performance contained 5% free lime, 3% Na2Oeq alkali, and 10.6% SO3 with an average particle size of 4 μm (0.00016 in.). © 2013, American Concrete Institute.