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Green synthesis of NiFe nano particles using Punica granatum peel extract for tetracycline removal
K. Ravichandran, Ravikumar K.V.G, Sudakaran S.V, Ravichandran K, Pulimi M, Chandra Sekaran N, Amitava Mukherjee
Published in Elsevier Ltd
2019
Volume: 210
   
Pages: 767 - 776
Abstract
This study investigated the formation of NiFe nanoparticles (nano zero valent iron/Nickel) by the green synthesis approach using ethanolic extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peels. Detailed antioxidant analyses and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results established that 2-furancarboxaldehyde 5-(hydroxymethyl), 1,2-Di(2-furyl)-1,2-ethanedione and 2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde present in the extract could serve as reducing agents during synthesis. The synthesized particles were characterized through various techniques like X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM (Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy), FT-IR (Fourier Transform-Infra Red) spectroscopy, Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analyses. The biosynthesized NiFe nanoparticles were further used for the tetracycline (TC) removal from aqueous solutions. Tetracycline removal was optimized with respect to nanoparticle concentration using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach. Under the optimized conditions (initial TC concentration: 20 mg/L; NiFe nanoparticles concentration: 300 mg/L; interaction time: 90 min) 93 ± 1.55% TC removal could be obtained. The mechanism(s) of TC removal by NiFe nanoparticles was studied with help of LC-MS, TOC (Total Organic Carbon), FTIR, XRD, and ORP (Oxidation-reduction potential) analyses. It was observed that both the sorption and degradation phenomena were involved in TC removal. The application potential of the NiFe nanoparticles was investigated in ground water and lake water samples spiked with TC and the removal was found to be 77 ± 1.12 and 70 ± 2.02% respectively. Residual toxicity assays with TC by-products after interaction with NiFe nanoparticles were conducted on algal and bacterial species with the results indicating that the TC by-products were less toxic as compared to TC alone. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
About the journal
JournalData powered by TypesetJournal of Cleaner Production
PublisherData powered by TypesetElsevier Ltd
ISSN09596526
Open AccessNo
Concepts (27)
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    Adsorption
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    Antioxidants
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    Binary alloys
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    ENAMELS
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    Field emission microscopes
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    Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
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    Gas chromatography
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    Groundwater
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    Mass spectrometry
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    Nanoparticles
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    Organic carbon
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    Plants (botany)
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    Redox reactions
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    REDUCING AGENTS
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    Scanning electron microscopy
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    Synthesis (chemical)
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    Toxicity
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    X ray diffraction
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    Brunauer emmett tellers
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    Field emission scanning electron microscopy
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    Fourier transform infra reds
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    Nanoparticle concentrations
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    ORP (OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL)
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    PUNICA GRANATUM
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    Response surface methodology
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    Tetracycline
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    Iron alloys