Herein, we report, the fabrication of a mechanically stable, flexible graphene based all-solid-state supercapacitor with ionic liquid incorporated polyacrylonitrile (PAN/[BMIM][TFSI]) electrolyte for electric vehicles (EVs). The PAN/[BMIM][TFSI] electrolyte shows high ionic conductivity (2.42 mS/cm at 28 °C) with high thermal stability. Solid-like layered phase of ionic liquid is observed on the surface of pores of PAN membrane along with liquid phase which made it possible to hold 400 wt% of mobile phase. This phase formation is facilitated by the ionic interaction of C. N moieties with the electrolyte ions. A supercapacitor device, comprised PAN/[BMIM][TFSI] electrolyte and graphene as electrode, is fabricated and the performance is demonstrated. Several parameters of the device, like, energy storage and discharge capacity, internal power dissipation, operating temperature, safe operation and mechanical stability, meet the requirements of future EVs. In addition, a good cyclic stability is observed even after 1000 cycles. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Sundara Ramaprabhu

Department Of Physics

P. Tamilarasan

Automobile manufacture

Electric vehicles

Electrolytes

Graphene

Ionic liquids

Polyacrylonitriles

ALL-SOLID-STATE SUPERCAPACITORS

Discharge capacities

Electric Vehicles (EVs)

Flexible

High thermal stability

MECHANICALLY STABLE

Operating temperature

Super capacitor

Electrolytic capacitors

carbon

conductivity

Dissipation

Electrolyte

IIT Madras is a public technical and research university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Founded in 1959, it is recognised as an Institute of National Importance.

IIT Madras has been ranked as the top engineering institute in India for four years in a row by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the MHRD

It currently offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees across 16 disciplines in Engineering, Sciences, Humanities and Management. About 596 faculty belonging to science and engineering departments and centres of the Institute are engaged in teaching, research and industrial consultancy.

IIT Madras

Energy

The present study describes the synthesis of the adsorptivity based amine-rich ionic liquid (ARIL), namely, 3,5-diamino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium tetrafluoroborate grafted graphene (HEG/ARIL), and its application in carbon dioxide adsorption. This ionic liquid occurs in the solid form at standard atmospheric temperature and pressure, and forms solid-like short range ordering on a graphitic substrate. Molecular vibrational spectroscopy suggests that the ARIL molecules are physically adsorbed on the graphene surface with no detectable chemical interactions. The CO2 adsorption on ARIL is not significantly accompanied by chemical interaction with the amine groups under sub-ambient conditions. The adsorption capacity of ARIL attained a significant improvement when it was grafted onto graphene. The favourability and energy of adsorption suggest that the cumulative interaction of CO2 with ARIL moieties is weaker than that with residual oxygen-containing functional groups in graphene. The adsorbate retention of graphene is largely increased upon grafting ARIL. The isosteric heat and entropy of CO2 adsorption on the HEG/ARIL is lower than that found on pristine HEG. Conclusively, ARIL functionalization improved the CO2 adsorption capacity and decreased the interaction energy between CO2 and graphene, because it enhances the density of the low affinity adsorption sites. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016.

RSC Advances

Amine-rich ionic liquid grafted graphene for sub-ambient carbon dioxide adsorption

Mechanical stability of electrolyte in all-solid-state supercapacitor attains immense attention as it addresses safety aspects. In this study, we have demonstrated, the fabrication of stretchable supercapacitor based on stretchable electrolyte and hydrogen exfoliated graphene electrode. We synthesized ionic liquid incorporated stretchable Poly(methyl methacrylate) electrolyte which plays dual role as electrolyte and stretchable support for electrode material. The molecular vibration studies show composite nature of the electrolyte. At least four-fold stretchability has been observed along with good ionic conductivity (0.78 mS cm-1 at 28°C) for this polymer electrolyte. This stretchable supercapacitor shows a low equivalent series resistance (16 Ω) due to the compatibility at electrode-electrolyte interface. The performance of the device has been determined under strain as well. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Materials Chemistry and Physics

Stretchable supercapacitors based on highly stretchable ionic liquid incorporated polymer electrolyte

Carbon nanomaterials are promissing electrode materials for supercapacitor applications due to their unique properties. Electrolyte accessibility is a big challenge in ionic liquid electrolyte-based supercapacitors with carbon nanomaterials as electrodes. In this study, an ultrahigh performance supercapacitor electrode, based on solidlike ionic liquid layer coated carbon nanotubes-hydrogen exfoliated graphene nanocomposite is demonstrated with hydrophobic ionic liquid as electrolyte. The presence of solidlike layers of ionic liquid is confirmed by structural and morphological analysis. The nanocomposite shows extremely high energy density (171 Wh/kg) and high specific capacitance (201 F/g) at a large specific current of 2 A/g, in terms of the mass of active electrode material, along with wide operating voltage (3.5 V). The Ragone fit shows that the time constant, maximum stored energy, and maximum available power are 0.575 s, 170.66 Wh/kg, and 148.43 kW/kg, respectively. The improvement in performance of the nanocomposite is mainly attributed to the presence of solidlike layers of ionic liquid on the surface of carbon nanomaterials, which effectively increases the electrolyte accessibility and number of shortest, directional ion transport paths. Here, carbon nanotubes play a role as a smart conductive spacer. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Carbon nanotubes-graphene-solidlike ionic liquid layer-based hybrid electrode material for high performance supercapacitor

A modern technological society demands the use and storage of energy on a large scale. In this regard, the development of high performance supercapacitors is the focus of current scientific research. Graphene, due to its excellent properties, has attracted attention for supercapacitor applications. In the present work, graphene is synthesized via hydrogen-induced exfoliation and is further functionalized to decorate with metal oxide (RuO2, TiO 2, and Fe3O4) nanoparticles and polyaniline using the chemical route. Materials are characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Electrochemical performance of as-prepared graphene (HEG), functionalized graphene (f-HEG), RuO2-f-HEG, TiO2-f-HEG, Fe3O4-f-HEG, and PANI-f-HEG (PANI = polyaniline) nanocomposites is examined using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques for supercapacitor applications. A maximum specific capacitance of 80, 125, 265, 60, 180, and 375 F/g for HEG, f-HEG, RuO 2-f-HEG, TiO2-f-HEG, Fe3O4-f-HEG, and PANI-f-HEG nanocomposites, respectively, is obtained with 1 M H 2SO4 as the electrolyte at the voltage sweep rate of 10 mV/s. The specific capacitance for each nanocomposites sustains up to 85% even at higher voltage sweep rate of 100 mV/s. A simple and cost-effective preparation technique of graphene and its nanocomposites with good capacitive behavior encourages its commercial use. © 2011 American Chemical Society.

Functionalized graphene-based nanocomposites for supercapacitor application

Fundamentals of Ionic Liquids

An Introduction to Ionic Liquids

Exergy analysis of a TMS (thermal management system) for range-extended EVs (electric vehicles)

Chemical Reviews

Recent Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells

Graphene based all-solid-state supercapacitors with ionic liquid incorporated polyacrylonitrile electrolyte

Journal	Data powered by TypesetEnergy
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier Ltd
ISSN	03605442
Open Access	No