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Effect of Outflow Graft Size on Flow in the Aortic Arch and Cerebral Blood Flow in Continuous Flow Pumps: Possible Relevance to Strokes
Ramarathnam Krishna Kumar
Published in Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
2017
PMID: 28033184
Volume: 63
   
Issue: 2
Pages: 144 - 149
Abstract
One of the most devastating complications of continuous flow left ventricular devices (CFLVADS) is stroke, with a higher incidence in HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD) as compared with HEARTMATE II. The reason for the observed difference in stroke rates is unclear. Because outflow graft diameters are different, we hypothesized that this could contribute to the difference in stroke rates. A computational fluid-structure interaction model was created from the computed tomography (CT) scan of a patient. Pressures were used as the boundary condition and the flow through the cerebral vessels was derived as outputs. Flow into the innominate artery was very sensitive to the anastomosis angle for a 10 mm as compared with a 14 mm graft, with the net innominate flow severely compromised with a 10 mm graft at 45° angle. Aortic insufficiency seems to affect cerebral blood flow nonlinearly with an 80% decrease at certain angles of outflow graft anastomosis. Arterial return in to the arch through a narrow graft has important jet effects and results in significant flow perturbations in the aortic arch and cerebral vessels and stasis. A 10 mm graft is more sensitive to angle of insertion than a 14 mm graft. Under some conditions, serious hypoperfusion of the innominate artery is possible. Aortic incompetence results in significant decrease of cerebral blood flow. No stasis was found in the pulsatile flow compared with LVAD flow. Copyright © 2016 by the ASAIO.
About the journal
JournalASAIO Journal
PublisherLippincott Williams and Wilkins
ISSN10582916
Open AccessNo
Concepts (50)
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    Arches
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    Blood
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    Computerized tomography
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    Fluid structure interaction
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    Grafting (chemical)
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    Hemodynamics
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    LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES
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    Cerebral blood flow
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    CEREBRAL VESSELS
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    COMPUTATIONAL FLUID
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    CONTINUOUS FLOW PUMPS
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    Continuous flows
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    FLOW PERTURBATIONS
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    LEFT VENTRICULAR
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    STROKE RATES
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    Blood vessels
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    ANASTOMOSIS
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    AORTA ARCH
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    AORTA FLOW
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    AORTA PRESSURE
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    AORTA VALVE REGURGITATION
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    ARTERY PERFUSION
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    Article
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    BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK
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    BRAIN BLOOD FLOW
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    BRAIN BLOOD VESSEL
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    CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
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    Cerebrovascular accident
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    Comparative study
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    Computational fluid dynamics
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    Computer assisted tomography
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    CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE
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    Controlled study
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    GRAFT SIZE
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    HEART CYCLE
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    Human
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    Priority journal
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    Pulsatile flow
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    Adverse device effect
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    AORTIC REGURGITATION
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    BRAIN CIRCULATION
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    HEART ASSIST DEVICE
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    Pathophysiology
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    THORACIC AORTA
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    AORTA, THORACIC
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    AORTIC VALVE INSUFFICIENCY
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    Cerebrovascular circulation
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    HEART-ASSIST DEVICES
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    Humans
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    Stroke