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Effect of nano-aluminium in plateau-burning and catalyzed composite solid propellant combustion
Jayaraman Kandasamy, Krishnasamy V. Anand, ,
Published in
2009
Volume: 156
   
Issue: 8
Pages: 1662 - 1673
Abstract
Nano-aluminium particles of ∼50 nm size, produced at this laboratory, are added to composite solid propellants based on ammonium perchlorate and hydroxyl-terminated poly-butadiene binder that exhibit plateau burning rate trends and those including burning rate catalysts. The nano-aluminized propellant burning rates are compared with corresponding micro-aluminized and non-aluminized ones in the 1-12 MPa pressure range. The mid-pressure extinction of the matrixes containing the fine-sized ammonium perchlorate particles in the propellant along with the binder is investigated in all the cases to understand the mechanism of plateau-burning. Further, the variations in aluminium content, the aluminium size (within nano- and micro-ranges), bimodal combination of nano- and micro-aluminium are considered. Ferric oxide and titanium dioxide are the burning rate catalysts considered. Large scale accumulation of aluminium is observed not only in micro-aluminized matrixes, but also in nano-aluminized ones as clusters of 1-5 μm size. Since aluminium is added at the expense of the coarse ammonium perchlorate particles to preserve the total-solids loading in the present formulations, addition of micro-aluminium decreases the burning rate; whereas, nano-aluminized propellants exhibit ∼80-100% increase in the burning rate under most conditions. The near-complete combustion of nano-aluminium close to the burning surface of the propellant provides heat feedback that controls the burning rate. Mid-pressure extinctions of matrixes and plateau burning rates of propellants are washed out when nano-aluminium is progressively added beyond 50% in bimodal aluminium blends, but low pressure-exponents are observed in the nano-aluminized propellant burning rates at elevated pressures. Adjusting the plasticizer content in the binder alters the pressure range of plateau burning rates in non-aluminized propellants. Catalysts increase the burning rate by ∼50-100% in non-aluminized and micro-aluminized propellants, but in nano-aluminized propellants, the μm-sized catalyst does not affect the burning rate significantly; whereas, the nanometre size catalysts increases the burning rate merely by ∼5-15%. © 2009 The Combustion Institute.
About the journal
JournalCombustion and Flame
ISSN00102180
Open AccessNo
Concepts (58)
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    ALUMINIUM CONTENT
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    AMMONIUM PERCHLORATES
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    Burning rate
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    BURNING RATE CATALYST
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    BURNING RATE CATALYSTS
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    Composite solid propellant
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    ELEVATED PRESSURE
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    Ferric oxide
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    HEAT FEEDBACK
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    HYDROXYL-TERMINATED
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    Low pressures
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    Matrix
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    NANO-ALUMINIUM
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    NANOMETRE
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    PLATEAU-BURNING
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    PRESSURE RANGES
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    PROPELLANT BURNING RATE
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    SOLIDS LOADING
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    Aluminum
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    AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
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    Binders
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    Butadiene
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    Catalysis
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    CATALYSTS
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    Explosives
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    Iron oxides
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    Metal refining
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    Plasticizers
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    Solid propellants
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    Spacecraft propulsion
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    Thermochemistry
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    Titanium
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    Titanium dioxide
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    Titanium oxides
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    Combustion
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    1,3 butadiene derivative
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    Ammonia
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    Hydroxyl group
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    Nanocomposite
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    Nanoparticle
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    Perchlorate
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    Plasticizer
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    PROPELLANT
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    Article
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    BURN
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    Catalyst
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    Cluster analysis
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    Composite material
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    Controlled study
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    Feedback system
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    Heat
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    HYPERBARISM
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    Hypobarism
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    Molecular mechanics
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    NANOCATALYSIS
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    Particle size
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    Priority journal
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    Solid state