Header menu link for other important links
X
ECG steganography using curvelet transform
, S.Edward Jero, S.Ramakrishnan
Published in Elsevier Ltd
2015
Volume: 22
   
Pages: 161 - 169
Abstract
ECG steganography allows secured transmission of patient data that are tagged to the ECG signals. Signal deterioration leading to loss of diagnosis information and inability to retrieve patient data fully are the major challenges with ECG steganography. In this work, an attempt has been made to use curvelet transforms which permit identifying the coefficients that store the crucial information about diagnosis. The novelty of the proposed approach is the usage of curvelet transform for ECG steganography, adaptive selection of watermark location and a new threshold selection algorithm. It is observed that when coefficients around zero are modified to embed the watermark, the signal deterioration is the least. In order to avoid overlap of watermark, an n × n sequence is used to embed the watermark. The imperceptibility of the watermark is measured using metrics such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Percentage Residual Difference and Kullback-Leibler distance. The ability to extract the patient data is measured by the Bit Error Rate. Performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated on the MIT-BIH database and the results validate that coefficients around zero are ideal for watermarking to minimize deterioration and there is no loss in the data retrieved. For an increased patient data size, the cover signal deteriorates but the Bit Error Rate is zero. Therefore the proposed approach does not affect diagnosability and allows reliable steganography. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
About the journal
JournalData powered by TypesetBiomedical Signal Processing and Control
PublisherData powered by TypesetElsevier Ltd
ISSN17468094
Open AccessNo
Concepts (36)
  •  related image
    Binary sequences
  •  related image
    Deterioration
  •  related image
    Digital watermarking
  •  related image
    Electrocardiography
  •  related image
    HOSPITAL DATA PROCESSING
  •  related image
    Signal to noise ratio
  •  related image
    Steganography
  •  related image
    Watermarking
  •  related image
    ADAPTIVE WATERMARKING
  •  related image
    CURVELET COEFFICIENTS
  •  related image
    DIAGNOSIS INFORMATION
  •  related image
    KULLBACK-LEIBLER DISTANCE
  •  related image
    Peak signal to noise ratio
  •  related image
    Quantization
  •  related image
    SIGNAL DETERIORATION
  •  related image
    THRESHOLD SELECTION ALGORITHM
  •  related image
    Bit error rate
  •  related image
    Algorithm
  •  related image
    Analytic method
  •  related image
    Article
  •  related image
    Curvelet transform
  •  related image
    Electrocardiogram
  •  related image
    ELECTROCARDIOGRAM STEGANOGRAPHY
  •  related image
    Evaluation study
  •  related image
    Fourier transformation
  •  related image
    Human
  •  related image
    Image analysis
  •  related image
    Image processing
  •  related image
    Information processing
  •  related image
    Mathematical analysis
  •  related image
    PATIENT CODING
  •  related image
    Priority journal
  •  related image
    RADIODIAGNOSIS
  •  related image
    RADIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
  •  related image
    SIGNAL NOISE RATIO
  •  related image
    Signal processing