IIT Madras is a public technical and research university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Founded in 1959, it is recognised as an Institute of National Importance.

IIT Madras has been ranked as the top engineering institute in India for four years in a row by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the MHRD

It currently offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees across 16 disciplines in Engineering, Sciences, Humanities and Management. About 596 faculty belonging to science and engineering departments and centres of the Institute are engaged in teaching, research and industrial consultancy.

IIT Madras

The hydrodynamic stability of a reacting wake depends primarily on the density ratio [i.e., ratio of unburnt gas density (ρu) to burnt gas density (ρb)] of the flow across the wake. The variation of the density ratio from high to low value, keeping ρu/ρb&gt;1<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll" altimg="eq-00001.gif"><mrow><msub><mo>ρ</mo><mi>u</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mo>ρ</mo><mi>b</mi></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>, transitions dynamical characteristics of the reacting wake from a linearly globally stable (or convectively unstable) to a globally unstable mode. In this paper, we propose a framework to analyze the effect of harmonic forcing on the deterministic and synchronization characteristics of reacting wakes. Using the recurrence quantification analysis of the forced wake response, we show that the deterministic behaviour of the reacting wake increases as the amplitude of forcing is increased. Furthermore, for different density ratios, we found that the synchronization of the top and bottom branches of the wake with the forcing signal is dependent on whether the mean frequency of the natural oscillations of the wake (fn) is lesser or greater than the frequency of external forcing (ff). We notice that the response of both branches (top and bottom) of the reacting wake to the external forcing is asymmetric and symmetric for the low and high density ratios, respectively. Furthermore, we characterize the phase-locking behaviour between the top and bottom branches of the wake for different values of density ratios. We observe that an increase in the density ratio results in a gradual decrease in the relative phase angle between the top and bottom branches of the wake, which leads to a change in the vortex shedding pattern from a sinuous (anti-phase) to a varicose (in-phase) mode of the oscillations.

Department of Aerospace Engineering

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Department of Humanities and Social Sciences

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Chaos

Characterization of forced response of density stratified reacting wake

Coastal Karnataka’s rapidly urbanising South Canara reveals a substantive conceptual agenda for the SUBURBIN project. This chapter makes three interrelated arguments exploring its territories as multiple epistemologies: First, their multiple logics are socially and institutionally embedded in complex configurations to form relational spaces. Second, land, as both a site and a realm, embodies history, forms of property control and transfer, cultural meanings built on geography to shape economy. Third, these logics can be relatively autonomous, at times contesting in relationships. The substantive part of the chapter opens with ideas of sacredness. It reveals South Canara as a site constituted of guardian sprits and spirit possession, and deeply imbibed in real estate practices. An analysis of transport and connectivity, following this section, traces their evolution since the early 1930s to emphasise how ethnics and families lobby to engage with higher public authorities on issues of regulation and infrastructure. The third part focuses on the fishing economy as a transnational space—a reminder of this region’s trading history with East Africa, SE Asia and China. Economy is embedded and, similar to transport, shaped by ethnic aspects. This read of South Canara can be seen to be a stringent critique of the New Economic Geography (NEG) that is not only dehistoricised but also oblivious to material constructs shaped by complex institutional and cultural spaces. © Springer India 2017.

Exploring Urban Change in South Asia

Multilayered urbanisation of the south canara territory

Cities in South Asia

Cities within and beyond the plan

As a framing device, occupancy urbanism disrupts the notion that master planning could be the sole defining reference locating forms of territoriality, demarcating illegal non-conforming development or conf lating the history of the city with ‘modernity’ (Holston 1989; Sarin 1982; Sundaram 2010). Such perspectives name territorial processes beyond the plan as externalities: as ‘slums’, ‘the informal sector’, or as ‘piracy’; their underlying politics is viewed as a perversion, for instance as ‘vote banks’ and ‘patron clientelism’, and a criminalized ‘Urban Infra Power’ (Hansen and Verkaaik 2009) all driven by the ‘land mafia’. As deeply politicizing processes, the working of land embeds a range of diverse and often conf licting actors into urban administration, such as: settler groups, municipal councillors, firms, but also higher levels of the state and its associated agents. Challenging conventional assumptions about the politics of urban land in southern cities, occupancy urbanism draws attention to the complexities of political practice and helps us think about how particular parts of the state govern through law and regulation formed and directed in a world of practice. © 2014 Selection and editorial matter: Susan Parnell and Sophie Oldfield.

The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South

Occupancy urbanism as political practice

Bangalore occupies a special position in the imagination of those seeking a ‘modern and resurgent’ India. The conventional narrative of Bangalore, across ideological lines tends to ‘naturalize’ its relationship and history set within a developmentalist frame where the pinnacle of its growth is the ‘globally connected’ and aspired for Information Technology (IT) (and Bio-Tech) industry. Thus, the emphasis is laid on the historical role of research and educational institutions that set in place an environment of supportive public policy. While these factors do play a role, this chapter aims to complicate and politicise this perspective and points to two important groups and processes.

Accumulation by Dispossession: Transformative Cities in the New Global Order

Manufacturing neoliberalism: Lifestyling indian urbanity

This article proposes a narrative of city contestations beyond policy and programs. It considers why Indian metro elites, large land developers and international donors paradoxically lobby for comprehensive planning when confronting 'vote bank politics' by the poor. Poor groups, claiming public services and safeguarding territorial claims, open up political spaces that appropriate institutions and fuel an economy that builds complex alliances. Such spaces, here termed 'occupancy urbanism', are materialized by land shaped into multiple de-facto tenures deeply embedded in lower bureaucracy. While engaging the state, these locality politics remain autonomous of it. Such a narrative views city terrains as being constituted by multiple political spaces inscribed by complex local histories. This politics is substantial and poses multiple crises for global capital. Locally embedded institutions subvert high-end infrastructure and mega projects. 'Occupancy urbanism' helps poor groups appropriate real estate surpluses via reconstituted land tenure to fuel small businesses whose commodities jeopardize branded chains. Finally, it poses a political consciousness that refuses to be disciplined by NGOs and well-meaning progressive activists and the rhetoric of 'participatory planning'. This is also a politics that rejects 'developmentalism' where 'poverty' is ghettoized via programs for 'basic needs' allowing the elite 'globally competitive economic development'. © 2008 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2008 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

International Journal of Urban and Regional Research

Occupancy urbanism: Radicalizing politics and economy beyond policy and programs

The transformation of land into a setting for clustering local economies can become an important cornerstone of poverty policy. This transformation has several functional aspects, which in turn have important institutional and political aspects. Underlying both the functional and institutional factors is the role of local government and local democracy. Such a conceptualization puts to center stage several paradoxes: A terrain that seems “slum-like” turns out to be highly productive and employment generating. Complex tenure forms and mixed land use seen as “unplanned” turn out to be pre-requisites for economic development. There are institutional paradoxes that contrast efforts at “transparency” and managerial “best practices”. Here, the messiness of local bureaucracies in municipal government turns out to be critical for poor groups to influence interventions in their favor. Influencing the public process may be more effective in stealth-like ways rather taking a more visible approach. Most fundamentally these issues remind us that the potential of cities to reinforce or reduce poverty moved far beyond projects and programs and the normative frameworks used by planners and administrators. Instead, it is the transformative process of turning land into economic settings that might be at the center stage. This is a stage where poor groups are the central actors who stealth-like draw on complex alliances across ethnic and class lines to shapes cities in their interests.&nbsp;

Geoforum

Urban land transformation for pro-poor economies

This paper describes a local-national conflict over a power generation scheme in Mangalore (India) in order to highlight two important issues. The first is that the planning of large projects by national and state governments in India often bypasses local government and, as such, avoids accountability to local populations. The second is that the politics of sustainable cities is in the institutional domain; in this instance, the conflict was between what was perceived locally as being sustainable as opposed to external interests that sought to exploit resources in response to larger markets. The paper describes the political organizations in a fishing settlement (Bengare) that falls within the boundaries of the city of Mangalore and how they worked with elected city corporation representatives to halt a scheme for barge-mounted power generation. It also describes how the city government of Mangalore has become more committed to participation.

Environment and Urbanization

The politics of sustainable cities: The case of Bengare, Mangalore in coastal India

This paper suggests that an understanding of poverty in cities such as Bangalore (often referred to as India’s Silicon Valley) requires more attention to the governance processes in which different groups compete for public investments and support. It describes the differences between the “local” and the “corporate” economies within Bangalore and their links with government. The local economies provide most of the population (including virtually all poor groups) with their livelihoods. They mostly develop outside the “master plan” areas, with diverse and complex economies and land tenure forms within which poor groups find accommodation and work. Their links with government are through local government - the City Corporation and its councillors and lower level bureaucracy. The corporate economies include the information technology industries for which Bangalore is well-known. Most of their links with government are with state and national parastatal agencies that control most of Bangalore’s development functions and have access to most government funding. But there is little local representation in these agencies. This profoundly disadvantages poor groups and the local economies in the competition for land, infrastructure and services. Rigid land use controls in the expanding corporate enclave areas exclude most pro-poor economic activity and threaten poorer groups’ fragile claims to land. Poor groups suffer demolition, resettlement, increased land prices and a governance system in which their local representative structure has little power. Meanwhile, the publicly sponsored “mega-projects” in Bangalore do little to support the local economies that are so important for the city’s prosperity; indeed, as this paper describes, many serve to disrupt them.&nbsp;

Governance, economic settings and poverty in Bangalore

This paper presents an alternative perspective on urban productivity. Based on longitudinal work in neighbourhoods in New Delhi, it is explained how, next to market mechanisms, social, economic and political forces at the grass roots level shape the context of economic development. The paper suggests the concept of "claims' on resources from, particularly, the local state for an essential understanding complementary to the common economic approach to urban productivity at local levels. -Author