IIT Madras is a public technical and research university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Founded in 1959, it is recognised as an Institute of National Importance.

IIT Madras has been ranked as the top engineering institute in India for four years in a row by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the MHRD

It currently offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees across 16 disciplines in Engineering, Sciences, Humanities and Management. About 596 faculty belonging to science and engineering departments and centres of the Institute are engaged in teaching, research and industrial consultancy.

IIT Madras

A mathematical model has been developed for the flow and mass-transfer processes associated with the nonspherical, deformed bubbles in a copper converter. The case of an isolated reacting bubble has been studied numerically by solving the pertinent transport equations with Galerkin finite element modeling (FEM) technique. The continuous change in bubble shape and size has been handled through an adaptive grid generation technique based upon a transfinite inter-polation scheme. Some of the results have shown a significant difference from the earlier analysis of spherical bubbles. The numerical predictions are well in accord with the existing theory and measurements. © 1993 The Minerals, Metals & Material Society.

Department Of Civil Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Metallurgical Transactions B

A finite element modeling analysis of flow and mass transfer through nonspherical bubbles in a copper converter

Water supply management is one area in which subjective decision making becomes necessary. Knowledge based decision support system is proposed for use in operation and management of an existing water supply system in South India. The task considered includes forecasting the future demand for water supply using time series, analysing the water supply network to identify the problem areas using WADISO program and an optimization Model to evolve management strategies.

GENERAL

Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Hydrology

Decision support system for water supply management

Most of the water resources systems in India are operated with conventional approaches formulated several decades ago without much knowledge about the system behaviour. In the present study, the HEC-3 simulation model has been used to derive the operating policies for an interstate, multivalley-multireservoir system in India, to achieve optimal operational policies. Four different HEC-3 policies were analysed together with the standard operating policy. The results of the simulation runs were analysed and a suitable optimal operating policy for a multivalley-multireservoir system operation has been evolved. Trade-off analysis between the conflicting objectives of irrigation releases and hydropower production and the probability distribution for the annual average hydropower production were also arrived at to estimate the reliability of the system. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

International Journal of Water Resources Development

Interstate Multivalley Multireservoir Simulation: A Case Study

Demand for water is increasing continually, whereas available supplies are more or less constant. Under these circumstances there is an urgent need to introduce efficient techniques in water resources management for optimal utilization of available water. Water management under drought conditions assumes great importance in a tropical region such as India, where one-third of the cropped area is affected by frequent droughts. This paper deals with the development and application of an expert system for drought management. A linear programming model was used to generate optimal cropping patterns from past drought experiences as also from synthetic drought occurrences. These policies together with the knowledge of the experts were incorporated in an expert system. Using this, one can identify the degree of drought in the current situation and its similarity to the identified drought events and be able to get the corresponding management strategy. © ASCE.

Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

Decision support for crop planning during droughts

Planning and management of irrigated cropping systems are of paramount importance to effectively utilize the resources namely water, land, labour, and other inputs. Irrigation systems, in nature, are different from place to place and from time to time. Irrigation environment becomes more complex as it undergoes rapid changes due to natural and man-made actions. Changes in climate, field and soil, farmer and other conditions make the environment more ill-structured and it would be difficult for a farm manager to make decisions in the above circumstances. Decision-making would better be done, based on his own experience and getting expertise from others regarding the dynamic nature of irrigation environment. Hence expert systems have a great potential for providing decision support to irrigation systems managers and farmers. In this paper, an expert system that has been developed for crop planning and managing irrigated cropping system is discussed. The expert system development consists of two phases. In the first phase, given the field, climate and farmer related conditions, suitable crop(s) would be selected. In the second phase, management decisions regarding irrigation and fertilizer schedules are recommended. Twenty crops which require decision support for crop planning are included in the rule-base. This rule-base is put into the knowledge base of INSIGHT 2+ shell and used for decision making.

World University root node

Scopus

Expert system for irrigated crop management

The explicit consideration of multiple objectives in decision making is becoming increasingly important in water resources systems analysis. Conflicting objectives like irrigation, flood control, hydropower production, and environmental preservation are inevitable while deriving the operating alternatives in an efficient way for any complex water resources system. In this paper, a linear multiobjective programming model has been developed and the constraint technique was used to derive the optimal releases for various purposes from a large-scale multireservoir system consisting of five reservoirs in India. Maximization of irrigation releases and maximization of hydropower production have been considered as the twin objectives in the model subjected to constraints on physical limitations, environmental restrictions, and storage continuity. This model was applied to three series of inflow sequences representing the normal, drought, and excess-flow conditions. The tradeoff analysis between the conflicting objectives of irrigation and hydropower production was also carried out and the transformation curve was plotted. The optimal point on this curve gives the best combination of the twin objectives considered in the model. © 1992 ASCE.

Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management

Multiobjective analysis of multireservoir system

Department Of Chemistry

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

A generalised diffusion-migration equation for long distance electron hopping between redox centres

Five methods of computing reference evapotranspiration from a reference crop (Penman, radiation, Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves and pan evaporation) have been studied for their applicability under different climatic conditions. The Penman method was taken as the standard and the other four methods were compared against this method. Good correlation was obtained between the values estimated by the four methods and the Penman method although differences in magnitude were found. Regression equations were developed to correct those differences in magnitude. The method suitable for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration for each climatic condition is also suggested. © 1991 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Fulltext

Hydrological Sciences Journal

Intercomparison of evapotranspiration estimates [La comparaison des estimations de l’évapotranspiration]

Water management under drought conditions is a challenging task to irrigation andagricultural engineers. The parameters of interest in identifying drought include onset, termination and severity. In this paper, a methodology to identify those parameters from the available historic data on streamflow and rainfall having seasonal pattern is proposed.The methodology follows and modifies a procedure by Herbst et al. (1966) suggested for theanalysis of drought. This modified methodologyis applied to the streamflow series of the Bhadra river and the mean areal rainfall seriesfor the catchment of the Bhadra reservoirin Karnataka State, India. The droughts identified by the proposed methodology are concurrent with the historically realized droughts, thusproving the viability and applicability of the methodology in the identification of drought conditions. © 1991 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

A modified method for drought identification [Methode améliorée pour l'identification des sécheresses]

The goal programming approach for multipurpose reservoir operation has been proposed and applied to the Bhadra reservoir system, having irrigation and hydropower production as dual purposes, in India. The objective of the model is to satisfy sequentially a series of operating criteria. Two goal programming models, one with the objective function as minimizing the deviations from storage targets and the other with the objective function as minimizing the deviations from release targets, have been formulated and applied to the reservoir system under study. The results proved that the model with release targets is preferred over the model with storage targets for determining operational policies for multipurpose reservoir system.

Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA)

OPTIMIZATION OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIR SYSTEM OPERATION

A real-time operational methodology has been developed for multipurpose reservoiroperation for irrigation and hydropower generation with application to the Bhadra reservoir system in the state of Karnataka, India. The methodology consists of three phases of computer modelling. In the first phase, the optimal release policy for a given initial storage and inflow is determined using a stochasticdynamic programming (SDP) model. Streamflowforecasting using an adaptive AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model constitutes the second phase. A real-time simulationmodel is developed in the third phase using the forecast inflows of phase 2 and the operating policy of phase 1. A comparison of the optimal monthly real-time operation with the historical operation demonstrates the relevance, applicability and the relative advantage ofthe proposed methodology. © 1990 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Real-time multipurpose reservoir operation: A case study [Exploitation en temps réel d'un reservoir à buts multiples: étude d'un cas]

This paper brings out the features of systems analysis with reference to the solid waste disposal management problem, illustrating it with an example. Linear programming is used to solve the management problem. The problem considered is to develop a regional disposal system for the solid waste of three cities at minimum cost. For this purpose, a computer program for the linear programming model solution via SIMPLEX method has been developed. It is concluded that these type of models would aid the decision maker to obtain the optimal plan for any environmental management problem.

Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India), Part T: Technician's Journal

Optimization model for solid waste management

The operation of Bhadra reservoir project is studied using optimization (overyear and within year storage model) and simulation (with both historic and synthetically generated monthly streamflows) based on a 52-year record of monthly inflow data for irrigation and hydropower generation. Bed turbine operation is found to be the key issue in maximizing the total hydropower production. The reservoir operation is studied for thirteen different policies of bed turbine operation using simulation. These simulation runs are carried out for a specified irrigation demand with historic data. The probability distribution of the maximum possible hydropower production is arrived at by simulating the reservoir operation with 4 different sets of synthetically generated monthly streamflows, each having sequences of different lengths, for two promising policies. A comparison of results made with the actual operation over a 11-year period shows that substantial increase in the total hydropower generation is possible with the identified policies without undue deficits in meeting the specified irrigation demands. © 1979 Indian Academy of Sciences.