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Vesicoureteral reflux in children: A phantom study of microwave heating and radiometric thermometry of pediatric bladder
Published in
2011
PMID: 21900069
Volume: 58
   
Issue: 11
Pages: 3269 - 3278
Abstract
We have investigated the use of microwave heating and radiometry to safely heat urine inside a pediatric bladder. The medical application for this research is to create a safe and reliable method to detect vesicoureteral reflux, a pediatric disorder, where urine flow is reversed and flows from the bladder back up into the kidney. Using fat and muscle tissue models, we have performed both experimental and numerical simulations of a pediatric bladder model using planar dual concentric conductor microstrip antennas at 915 MHz for microwave heating. A planar elliptical antenna connected to a 500 MHz bandwidth microwave radiometer centered at 3.5 GHz was used for noninvasive temperature measurement inside tissue. Temperatures were measured in the phantom models at points during the experiment with implanted fiberoptic sensors, and 2-D distributions in cut planes at depth in the phantom with an infrared camera at the end of the experiment. Cycling between 20 s with 20 Watts power for heating, and 10s without power to allow for undisturbed microwave radiometry measurements, the experimental results show that the target tissue temperature inside the phantom increases fast and that the radiometer provides useful measurements of spatially averaged temperature of the illuminated volume. The presented numerical and experimental results show excellent concordance, which confirms that the proposed system for microwave heating and radiometry is applicable for safe and reliable heating of pediatric bladder. © 2011 IEEE.
About the journal
JournalIEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
ISSN00189294
Open AccessYes
Concepts (50)
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    BACK UP
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    DUAL CONCENTRIC CONDUCTORS
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    Elliptical antennas
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    Hyperthermia
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    Infra-red cameras
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    Microwave radiometers
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    MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY
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    MUSCLE TISSUES
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    PHANTOM MODELS
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    PHANTOM STUDIES
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    Target tissues
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    TISSUE-EQUIVALENT PHANTOM
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    URINE FLOW
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    VESICOURETERAL REFLUX
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    Antennas
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    Body fluids
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    Computer simulation
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    Experiments
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    Heating
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    Image segmentation
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    Medical applications
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    Microwave antennas
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    Microwave devices
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    Microwave heating
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    PEDIATRICS
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    Radiometers
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    Radiometry
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    Temperature measurement
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    Tissue
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    MICROWAVES
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    Article
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    Child
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    Childhood disease
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    Human
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    MICROWAVE COOKING
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    PHANTOM
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    Thermometry
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    VESICOURETERAL REFLUX
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    Absorption
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    Adipose tissue
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    Child, preschool
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    Humans
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    Hyperthermia, induced
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    Infant
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    Models, biological
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    Muscles
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    PHANTOMS, IMAGING
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    Temperature
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    Urinary bladder
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    VESICO-URETERAL REFLUX