Fluorescent aggregates find wide-spread applications in modern optoelectronics. Here, we study the photophysics of organic fluorophores composed of benzene, pyrene, naphthalene, and anthracene moieties connected via a Y-shaped enediyne π-spacer in water-acetonitrile solvent mixtures and solid forms. The fluorophores show a predominant aggregate emission band, which is ca. 4000 cm−1 red-shifted compared to their locally excited (LE) emission energies in water-acetonitrile. The aggregate emission is however blue-shifted compared to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) emission band. The interplay of the LE, ICT, and aggregate emissive states depends on peripheral aromatic units, electronic substituents and microenvironments. The LE to aggregate emission spectral shift is exploited to sensitively probe micro-heterogeneity in bile salts, which are complemented by fluorescence intensity and fluorescence anisotropy changes. The solution phase aggregate emissions closely resemble the solid state aggregate emission bands, which are attributed to excimer states. The aggregate fluorescence states in the solids are altered by external stimuli and reversibly switched multiple of cycles. The aggregates undergo photoreactions in mixed-aqueous solvents, but they remain unreactive in solid powder forms. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Ashok Kumar Mishra

Department Of Chemistry

Anuja P. Singh

Anita Kumar Pati

IIT Madras is a public technical and research university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Founded in 1959, it is recognised as an Institute of National Importance.

IIT Madras has been ranked as the top engineering institute in India for four years in a row by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the MHRD

It currently offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees across 16 disciplines in Engineering, Sciences, Humanities and Management. About 596 faculty belonging to science and engineering departments and centres of the Institute are engaged in teaching, research and industrial consultancy.

IIT Madras

Chemical Physics

Organic fluorophores with extended ?-conjugation are important for their widespread applications. The present work provides photophysical insights into a diacetylene bridged classical donor-acceptor electronic energy pair, naphthalene-pyrene, in comparison with its constituents' molecular structures, naphthyl and pyrenyl acetylenes, as well as parent naphthalene and pyrene chromophores. The diacetylenic dye loses the individual spectral identities of the donor and acceptor fluorophores exhibiting a locally excited (LE) emission (∼411 nm) from the overall molecular entity with high fluorescence quantum yields (0.55-0.84) in nonaqueous media. In contrast to the parent pyrene, the hybrid derivative shows a strongly allowed S 0 → S 1 transition. In mixed-aqueous media, the dye forms aggregates displaying a new red-shifted absorption (∼425 nm) as well as emission (∼510 nm) band. Unlike the hybrid dye, the naphthyl and pyrenyl acetylenes do not form aggregates. In the aggregate state of the hybrid fluorophore, electronic energy transfer takes place from the naphthyl moiety to pyrenyl ring. The excited-state photophysical properties of the dye are exploited in vapor sensing in the solid state. © 2018 American Chemical Society.

Journal of Physical Chemistry A

Photophysical Impact of Diacetylenic Conjugation on Classical Donor-Acceptor Electronic Energy Pair

Diacetylenes have been the subject of current research because of their interesting optoelectronic properties. Herein, we report that substituted diphenylbutadiynes exhibit locally excited (LE) and excimer emissions in water and multiple emissions from the LE, excimer, and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states in acetonitrile-water solvent systems. The LE, excimer, and ICT emissions are clearly distinguishable for a diphenylbutadiynyl derivative with push (-NMe2)-pull (-CN) substituents and those are closely overlapped for non-push-pull analogues. In neat acetonitrile, the excimer emission disappears and the LE and ICT emissions predominate. In the case of the push (-NMe2)-pull (-CN) diphenylbutadiyne, the intensity of the ICT emission increases with increasing the fluorophore concentration. This suggests that the ICT emission accompanies with intermolecular CT emission which is of exciplex type. As the LE and exciplex emissions of the push-pull diphenylbutadiyne together cover the visible region (400-700 nm) in acetonitrile, a control of the fluorophore concentration makes the relative intensities of the LE and exciplex emissions such that pure white light emission is achieved. The white light emission is not observed in those diphenylbutadiynyl analogues in which the peripheral substituents of the phenyl rings do not possess strong push-pull character. © 2016 American Chemical Society.

Photophysics of Diphenylbutadiynes in Water, Acetonitrile-Water, and Acetonitrile Solvent Systems: Application to Single Component White Light Emission

Generation of white light emission (WLE) from a single organic fluorophore is challenging because of the need to get fluorescence covering the visible region (400-700 nm) upon excitation of the dye at near-ultraviolet wavelength. Herein, we report WLE from a butadiyne bridged pyrene-phenyl hybrid fluorophore in mixed-aqueous solvents as well as in polymer film matrices. The ability of the butadiynyl dye to emit from multiple excited states such as locally excited (LE; 400-500 nm), aggregate (excimer type; 475-600 nm), and charge transfer (CT; 500-750 nm) states spanning the emission almost throughout the visible range has made the generation of the white light to be possible. In highly polar solvent such as acetonitrile, the butadiynyl dye emits from the LE and CT states, and the WLE is achieved through a control of the dye concentration such that intermolecular CT (exciplex type) contributes along with the intramolecular CT and LE emissions. In mixed-aqueous systems such as water-acetonitrile and water-N,N-dimethylformamide, the CT emission is red-shifted (because of the high dielctric constant of water), and the contribution of the aggregate emission (originated because of the poor solvent water) is important in maintaining the relative distribution of the fluorescence intensities (LE, excimer, and CT) in the entire visible region. The significance of the diyne spacer in achieving the WLE is delineated through a control study with a single acetylenic analogue. The LE, aggregate, and CT emissions are involved in generating bluish-white light in a poly(vinyl alcohol) film matrix of the butadiynyl dye. Blue emission is noted in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film matrix of the dye with a major contribution from the LE and a minor contribution from the aggregate state. Exposure of the PMMA film of the dye to polar aprotic vapors assists in gaining the CT state emission such that the LE, aggregate, CT emissions cover the entire visible region to produce the WLE. This opens a new strategy for selective vapor sensing. © 2016 American Chemical Society.

White Light Emission in Butadiyne Bridged Pyrene-Phenyl Hybrid Fluorophore: Understanding the Photophysical Importance of Diyne Spacer and Utilizing the Excited-State Photophysics for Vapor Detection

The present work describes the photophysical properties of a group of butadiyne bridged pyrene-phenyl molecular hybrids having different substitutions with varying donor and acceptor abilities. In addition to emission from the locally excited (LE) state originating from the pyrene moiety, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) emissions were observed in molecules with donor-acceptor character. The positions of the ICT emission maxima varied over a wide range of wavelengths (475-600 nm). Pyrene behaved as a donor when a strong acceptor group (-CN) was attached to the phenyl ring and it behaved as an acceptor when the phenyl group contained a strong donor group (-NMe2). In mixed aqueous solvents at higher percentages of water (80-99%), the derivatives showed emissions from the aggregate state in addition to the LE and ICT states. Emissions from the aggregate states of the derivatives were centred in the range 510-560 nm. The aggregate state emissions were found to originate from static excimers involving pyrene moieties. A detailed structure-property relationship of the butadiynyl derivatives was revealed in this study. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Faraday Discussions

On the photophysics of butadiyne bridged pyrene-phenyl molecular conjugates: Multiple emissive pathways through locally excited, intramolecular charge transfer and excimer states

There has been a significant current interest in solid state luminescence of organic molecules and their stimuli responsive fluorescence switching behavior. Although small organic derivatives with olefinic, acetylenic, phenylenevinylenic, phenyleneethynylenic spacers are widely documented as solid state emitters in the literature, the solid state photophysics of organic derivatives with "butadiyne" spacer still remains unexplored. We provide detailed investigation on the solid state fluorescence properties of a series of butadiynyl fluorophores. Replacement of a phenyl ring, which is at periphery of the butadiyne bridge, with a large moiety such as pyrenyl group furnishes contrasting emissions in the solid state. While the butadiyne bridged phenyl derivatives show a blue shift of emission maxima in the solid powder with respect to monomer spectra in solution state, the butadiyne bridged pyrenyl derivatives exhibit a red shift in the solid state. The blue shift of the emission maxima of the butadiyne bridged phenyl derivatives in the solid powder is attributed to allowed excitonic transition in aggregates with nearly parallel transition dipoles. On the other hand, formation of pyrenyl excimer accounts for the red shift of the butadiyne bridged pyrenyl derivatives in the solid powder. In addition to that, the solid state fluorescence of the pyrenyl analogues is reversibly switched between two aggregate forms through external heating and rubbing stimuli. © 2015 American Chemical Society.

Contrasting Solid-State Fluorescence of Diynes with Small and Large Aryl Substituents: Crystal Packing Dependence and Stimuli-Responsive Fluorescence Switching

Photophysics and photoreactivity of cross-conjugated enediynyl aggregates: Applications to multi-parametric sensing of microheterogeneity and reversible fluorescence switching

Journal	Data powered by TypesetChemical Physics
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetElsevier B.V.
ISSN	03010104
Open Access	No