Nanobiotechnology is a recently coined term describing the convergence of the two existing but distant worlds of engineering and molecular biology. Nanobiotechnology is the interface between nanotechnology and biology. This is a combination of three words: NANO is tiny, BIO is living things, and TECHNOLOGY is about tools. It is an emerging area of scientific and technological advancement. Nanobiotechnology refers to the ability to create and manipulate biological and biochemical materials, devices, and systems at atomic and molecular levels (billionth of a meter). Thus, it is an integration of physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, chemistry, and biotechnology, and holds considerable promise of advances in pharmaceuticals and health care. Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Their unique size-dependent properties make these materials superior, indispensable in many areas of human activity, and above all a tiny tool to learn about living things. Consequently it applies the tools and processes of nano/microfabrication to build devices for studying biosystems. In nanobiotechnology, big things are expected from really small things. Hence biological tests measuring the presence or activity of selected substances, for targeted delivery become quicker, more sensitive and more flexible when certain nanoscale particles are put to work as tags or labels. To this end, advancement in nanobiotechnology has proved beneficial for both diagnostic (imaging) and novel therapies such as drug discovery, drug delivery, gene/vaccine delivery, and tissue engineering. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.