Molybdenum compounds exhibit unique catalytic applications in various organic reactions. Molybdenum possesses a large number of stable and variable oxidation states as well as coordination numbers. This special property is exploited by the researchers to fine tune the catalytic organic reactions such as metathesis reaction (Mo(VI) alkylidene compounds), allylic substitution (Mo(0), Mo(II), Mo(IV) and Mo(VI) compounds), oxidation and reduction reactions (Mo(VI)-dioxo compounds). In addition to these applications, the catalytic activity of molybdenum compounds has also been studied in numerous organic reactions. Moreover, the molybdenum compounds find significant roles in various asymmetric organic reactions. This chapter covers the application of molybdenum compounds in some successful organic transformations. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.