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Microwave-mediated synthesis for improved morphology and pseudocapacitance performance of nickel oxide
Published in
2011
PMID: 21568334
Volume: 3
   
Issue: 6
Pages: 2063 - 2073
Abstract
Synthetic methods greatly control the structural and functional characteristics of the materials. In this article, porous NiO samples were prepared in conventional-reflux and microwave assisted heating method under homogeneous precipitation conditions. The NiO samples synthesized in conventional reflux method showed flakelike morphology, whereas the sample synthesized in microwave methods showed hierarchical porous ball like surface morphology with uniform ripple-shaped pores. The NiO samples characterized using BET method were found to bear characteristic meso- and macroporosity due to differently crystallized Ni(OH) 2 precursors under various heating conditions. Thermogravimety analysis showed morphology dependent decomposition of Ni(OH) 2 precursors. The microwave synthesized porous NiO sample with unique morphology and pore size distribution showed significantly improved charge storage and electrochemical stability than the flaky NiO sample synthesized by employing conventional reflux method. The cyclic voltammetry measurements on microwave synthesized NiO sample showed considerably high capacitance and better electrochemical reversibility. The charge-discharge measurements made at a discharge current of 2 A/g showed higher rate specific capacitance (370 F/g) for the NiO sample synthesized by microwave method than the sample synthesized by reflux method (101 F/g). The impedance study illustrates lower electronic and ionic resistance of rippled-shaped porous NiO due to its superior surface properties for enhanced electrode électrolyte contact during the Faradaic redox reactions. It has been further established from the Ragone plot that the microwave synthesized NiO sample shows higher energy and power densities than the reflux synthesized NiO sample. Broadly, this study reveals that microwave-mediated synthesis approach is significantly a better strategy for the synthesis of porous NiO suitable to electrochemical supercapacitor applications. © 2011 American Chemical Society.
About the journal
JournalACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
ISSN19448244
Open AccessNo
Concepts (44)
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    BET METHOD
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    Charge storage
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    Charge-discharge
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    CONVENTIONAL REFLUX METHOD
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    Discharge currents
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    ELECTROCHEMICAL REVERSIBILITY
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    Electrochemical stabilities
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    Electrochemical supercapacitor
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    FLAKELIKE MORPHOLOGY
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    FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
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    HEATING CONDITIONS
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    HOMOGENEOUS PRECIPITATION
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    IONIC RESISTANCE
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    MACRO-POROSITY
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    MICROWAVE ASSISTED HEATING
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    MICROWAVE METHODS
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    MICROWAVE-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS
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    POROUS NIO
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    Power densities
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    PSEUDOCAPACITANCE
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    RAGONE PLOT
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    Specific capacitance
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    Super capacitor
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    Synthetic methods
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    VOLTAMMETRY MEASUREMENTS
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    Capacitance
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    Capacitors
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    Cyclic voltammetry
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    Heating
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    MICROWAVES
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    Morphology
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    Nickel oxide
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    Polyacrylonitriles
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    Pore size
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    Redox reactions
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    Surface properties
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    Electric discharges
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    Nickel
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    NICKEL MONOXIDE
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    Article
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    Chemistry
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    Electrochemistry
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    Methodology
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    Microwave radiation