Friction surfacing is a novel solid state surface coating process with several advantages over conventional fusion welding based surfacing processes. In this work, austenitic stainless steel (AISI 310) and tool steel (H13) coatings were friction deposited on mild steel substrates for corrosion and wear protection, respectively. Microstructural studies were carried out by using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Shear tests and bend tests (ASTM A264) were conducted to assess the integrity of the coatings. This study brings out the microstructural features across the coating/substrate interface and its mechanical properties, showing good metallurgical bonding between stainless steel and tool steel coating over mild steel. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications.

Janaki Ram G D

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Phanikumar Gandham

H. Khalid Rafi

K. Prasad Rao

BEND TEST

FRICTION SURFACING

Fusion welding

METALLURGICAL BONDING

Micro-structural

Microstructural features

Microstructure and properties

Mild steel

MILD STEEL SUBSTRATES

Shear tests

SOLID-STATE SURFACE

STEEL H13

SURFACING PROCESS

WEAR PROTECTION

Austenitic stainless steel

Carbon steel

Coatings

Friction

Friction welding

HARD FACING

Mechanical properties

Microstructural evolution

Scanning electron microscopy

Steel metallurgy

Testing

tribology

Tool steel

IIT Madras is a public technical and research university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Founded in 1959, it is recognised as an Institute of National Importance.

IIT Madras has been ranked as the top engineering institute in India for four years in a row by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the MHRD

It currently offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees across 16 disciplines in Engineering, Sciences, Humanities and Management. About 596 faculty belonging to science and engineering departments and centres of the Institute are engaged in teaching, research and industrial consultancy.

IIT Madras

Materials Science Forum

A new additive manufacturing process, termed "friction freeform fabrication," has been recently proposed by the authors. One of the unique capabilities of the process is that it can facilitate fabrication of three-dimensional parts in materials that are difficult to fusion deposit. The current study is a striking demonstration of this, in which cylindrical samples of 40 mm height and 10 mm diameter were successfully produced in borated stainless steel ASTM 304B4, a material known to be very difficult to fusion weld or deposit. Microstructures and mechanical properties of these samples were investigated in detail and were compared to those of standard wrought-processed alloy 304B4 Grade B material. © 2013 ASM International.

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance

Microstructures and properties of friction freeform fabricated borated stainless steel

Infrared thermography was used to record thermal profiles during friction surfacing. Thermal profiles for different sets of consumable rod/substrates (tool steel/steel; copper/steel and copper/copper) were recorded and analyzed. The thermal profiles showed distinct stages of plastic deformation with respect to temperature. The mechanism of bonding or no-bonding was discussed based on thermal profile data. It was found that a metallurgically bonded coating can be obtained if the flow stress of the plasticized material is comparable with the localized stress developed due to axial loading. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

Tool steel and copper coatings by friction surfacing - A thermography study

Friction surfacing involves complex thermo-mechanical phenomena. In this study, the nature of dynamic recrystallization in friction surfaced austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L coatings was investigated using electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the alloy 316L undergoes discontinuous dynamic recrystallization under conditions of moderate Zener-Hollomon parameter during friction surfacing. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Materials Characterization

Dynamic recrystallization in friction surfaced austenitic stainless steel coatings

While martensitic stainless steel AISI 440C is an attractive material for wear protection in many industrial applications, it is difficult to realize satisfactory coatings in this material using conventional weld overlay processes. Friction surfacing, a promising solid-state process, can help in this regard. In the current study, alloy 440C coatings were successfully made on low carbon steel substrates using friction surfacing. Bend and shear tests on coated specimens indicated excellent coating/substrate bonding. Microstructures, corrosion behavior, and wear performance of these coatings were compared with standard heat treated alloy 440C bulk material. While friction surfaced coatings in alloy 440C exhibited superior corrosion resistance to standard heat treated alloy 440C bulk material, their wear resistance was found to be somewhat inferior. Apart from these studies, experiments were conducted to assess the potential of the process for wide area coverage. Studies show that it is possible to achieve well-bonded coatings consisting of multiple overlapping tracks with excellent inter-track bonding. Overall, the current study demonstrates that friction surfacing is a very useful process for producing wear resistant coatings in difficult-to-fusion-deposit materials such as alloy 440C martensitic stainless steel. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Surface and Coatings Technology

Microstructures and properties of friction surfaced coatings in AISI 440C martensitic stainless steel

Microstructure and properties of friction surfaced stainless steel and tool steel coatings

Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology

Friction Stir Processing and Surfacing

Process parameters selection for friction surfacing applications using intelligent decision support

On the thermo-mechanical events during friction surfacing of high speed steels

An integrated approach to friction surfacing process optimisation

Journal	Materials Science Forum
Publisher	Trans Tech Publications Ltd
ISSN	02555476
Open Access	No