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Mechanism of action of natural products used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
Published in Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press
2011
PMID: 21826590
Volume: 17
   
Issue: 8
Pages: 563 - 574
Abstract
iabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by insuffi cient or inefficient insulin secretary response and it is characterized by increased blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). DM is a heterogonous group of syndromes. Glucose is the main energy source for the body, and in the case of DM, management of glucose becomes irregular. There are three key defects in the onset of hyperglycemia in DM, namely increased hepatic glucose production, diminished insulin secretion, and impaired insulin action. Conventional drugs treat diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity, increasing insulin production and/or decreasing the amount of glucose in blood. This article provides a comprehensive review of the mode of action of most popular hypoglycemic herbs, such as ginseng, bitter melon, fenugreek, banaba, Gymnema sylvestre and Coptischinensis . The herbs act by increasing insulin secretion, enhancing glucose uptake by adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption and inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Although evidence from animals and humans consistently supports the therapeutic effect of these phytomedicines, multicenter large-scale clinical trials have not been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these herbal medicines and their interaction with conventional drugs when administered simultaneously.
About the journal
JournalChinese Journal of Integrative Medicine
PublisherChinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press
ISSN16720415
Open AccessNo
Concepts (82)
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    2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE
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    Acarbose
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    Antidiabetic agent
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    BIGUANIDE
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    DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR
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    EXENDIN 4
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    GINSENG EXTRACT
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    GINSENOSIDE
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    GINSENOSIDE RH 2
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    GLUCOKINASE
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    Glucose
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    GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE
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    GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2
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    Glucose transporter 4
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    Insulin
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    LIRAGLUTIDE
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    MEGLITINIDE
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    Metformin
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    MIGLITOL
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    MUSCARINIC M3 RECEPTOR
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    Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
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    PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT
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    PRAMLINTIDE
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    Protein p53
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    Reactive oxygen metabolite
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    REPAGLINIDE
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    SITAGLIPTIN
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    SULFONYLUREA
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    Unindexed drug
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    Vanadium
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    Biological product
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    ABDOMINAL PAIN
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    AGARICUS BLAZEI
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    Anemia
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    Calcium cell level
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    CINNAMOMUM CASSIA
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    COPTIS CHINENSIS
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    Creatinine clearance
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    Diabetes mellitus
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    DIARRHEA
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    Edema
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    Exocytosis
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    FENUGREEK
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    GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM
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    GINSENG
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    Gluconeogenesis
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    GLUCOSE ABSORPTION
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    Glucose blood level
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    Glucose metabolism
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    Glucose transport
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    GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE
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    HEADACHE
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    Hormone action
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    Human
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    HYPOGLYCEMIA
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    INSOMNIA
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    Insulin release
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    INSULIN SENSITIVITY
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    INTESTINE ABSORPTION
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    LACTIC ACIDOSIS
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    LAGERSTROEMIA
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    LIVER INJURY
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    MASTALGIA
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    Momordica charantia
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    Nausea
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    Nonhuman
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    PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUS
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    Priority journal
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    Review
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    Schizophrenia
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    Side effect
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    STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME
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    VAGINA BLEEDING
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    Weight gain
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    Animal
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    Chemistry
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    Medicinal plant
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    Animals
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    BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
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    Humans
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    HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS
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    Plants, medicinal