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Formation of flammable hydrogen-air clouds from hydrogen leakage
K. Ramamurthi, Karnam Bhadraiah
Published in
2009
Volume: 34
   
Issue: 19
Pages: 8428 - 8437
Abstract
The possibilities of the formation of a flammable cloud over the ground in an open atmosphere from the leakage of hydrogen stored at different temperatures are studied. The dispersion of hydrogen in the stable and unstable atmospheric conditions is determined using the Gaussian dispersion model. The efflux of hydrogen from the storage vessel is considered at velocities between 1 m/s and 1500 m/s, the latter corresponding to the upper limit of velocities arising from the choked flow. The dispersion analysis shows that flammable hydrogen-air clouds would not be formed over the ground under unstable atmospheric conditions for all efflux velocities and leakage areas and for the different temperatures of the hydrogen leak. However, under strongly stable atmospheric conditions, such as those associated with clear sky winter nights with low winds and temperature inversion in the planetary boundary layer, a flammable cloud is seen to be formed. This is particularly true for low temperature hydrogen efflux and very low velocities of the efflux. © 2009 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu.
About the journal
JournalInternational Journal of Hydrogen Energy
ISSN03603199
Open AccessNo
Concepts (29)
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    Atmospheric conditions
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    ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION
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    Choked flow
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    Clear sky
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    DISPERSION ANALYSIS
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    FLAMMABLE CLOUD
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    GAUSSIAN DISPERSION MODELS
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    HYDROGEN LEAK
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    Hydrogen leakage
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    HYDROGEN SAFETY
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    LEAKAGE AREA
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    LEAN FLAMMABILITY LIMITS
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    Low temperatures
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    LOW VELOCITIES
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    OPEN ATMOSPHERE
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    Planetary boundary layers
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    STORAGE VESSEL
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    Temperature inversions
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    Upper limits
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    Atmospheric movements
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    ATMOSPHERIC RADIOACTIVITY
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    Climatology
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    Clouds
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    Dispersions
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    Flammability
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    Hydrogen
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    Hydrogen storage
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    Velocity
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    Atmospheric temperature