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Ferrocene functionalized graphene based electrode for the electro−Fenton oxidation of ciprofloxacin
Govindaraj Divyapriya, , Jaganathan Senthilnathan
Published in Elsevier Ltd
2018
PMID: 29920409
Volume: 209
   
Pages: 113 - 123
Abstract
Ferrocene functionalized graphene based graphite felt electrode was firstly investigated for heterogeneous electro−Fenton oxidation of ciprofloxacin in neutral pH condition. Electrochemical reduction of Ferrocene functionalized graphene oxide (Fc-ErGO) was performed by cyclic voltammetry technique. At neutral pH condition, Fc-ErGO electrode (0.035 min─1) exhibited ∼3 times and ∼9 times higher removal rates in comparison with plane ErGO (0.010 min─1) and plane graphite felt (0.004 min─1) electrodes respectively. The effect of pH and applied potential were studied for the degradation of ciprofloxacin in Fc-ErGO based electrode. Higher removal rate was observed at acidic pH (0.222 min─1), whereas alkaline pH showed lower removal efficiency (0.014 min─1). > 99% removal of ciprofloxacin was achieved with in 15 min and 120 min of reactions period at pH 3.0 and pH 7.0, respectively. H2O2 generation was found to be high in plane ErGO electrode system in all of the pH conditions. Owing to the high redox ability of ferrocene, Fc-ErGO electrode generated high concentration of [rad]OH radicals (426 μM pH 3.0; 247 μM pH 7.0; 210 μM pH 9.0) than ErGO and plane graphite felt electrodes; The electrode reusability study was performed to understand the electrode stability. There was no significant change in removal efficiency even after the 5th cycle of reusability study at both acidic and neutral conditions. The possible mechanism of oxidation in Fc-ErGO based electro-Fenton process was also proposed based on the continuous monitoring of H2O2 and [rad]OH radicals generated in the system. © 2018
About the journal
JournalData powered by TypesetChemosphere
PublisherData powered by TypesetElsevier Ltd
ISSN00456535
Open AccessNo
Concepts (53)
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    Alkalinity
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    Antibiotics
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    Cyclic voltammetry
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    Efficiency
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    Electrolytic reduction
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    Erbium compounds
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    FELT
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    FELTS
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    Free radicals
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    Graphene
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    Graphite
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    GRAPHITE ELECTRODES
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    Iron compounds
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    Organometallics
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    pH
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    Reusability
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    Ciprofloxacin
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    Continuous monitoring
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    ELECTRO-FENTON
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    ELECTRO-FENTON PROCESS
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    Electrochemical reductions
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    Ferrocenes
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    Functionalized graphene
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    Reactive oxygen species
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    Oxidation
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    Ferrocene
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    Hydrogen peroxide
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    Hydroxyl radical
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    Antiinfective agent
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    Ferrous ion
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    METALLOCENE
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    Carbon
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    Electrochemical method
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    Electrode
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    Electron
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    Organometallic compound
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    Pollutant removal
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    Article
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    Cyclic potentiometry
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    Degradation
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    Electrochemistry
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    FENTON REACTION
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    Oxidation reduction reaction
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    REDUCTION (CHEMISTRY)
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    Chemistry
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    Electrochemical analysis
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    Procedures
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    Anti-bacterial agents
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    Electrochemical techniques
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    Electrodes
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    Ferrous compounds
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    Metallocenes
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    Oxidation-reduction