Electro-kinetic properties of colloidal substance can be studied in terms of its zeta potential, which indicates the stability of the colloidal system. Numerous investigations have been made in the past several decades in areas of electro-kinetic remediation and stabilization of fine-grained soils. A proper understanding of the underlying mechanism of the above processes demands a thorough knowledge of the zeta potential of the system. Further, the electro-kinetic process can significantly alter the physio-chemical and electrical properties of the clay-water-electrolyte system which is also manifested as a change in the zeta potential value. Various environmental factors that affect the zeta potential include temperature, electrolytic concentration, cation valency and pH of the medium. The investigations made in view of understanding the role of zeta potential in determining electro-kinetic efficiency of various soils are widely scattered and no attempts have been made so far to interpret the available data, making it difficult to arrive at any conclusive inference. In this context, the present study attempts to evaluate the investigations carried out, by the previous researchers, to identify the factors that are influencing zeta potential and its role on electro-kinetic properties of clay minerals. In addition, zeta potential measurements are conducted on kaolinitic type and Na-bentonite soils over a wide range of pH and the results are compared with the data available in the literature. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2019.