The overall oil production worldwide has declined due to the increase in maturity of the oil reservoirs. In developing countries like India, the oil production and demand plays a crucial role for the development of economy of the country. However, the domestic crude oil production is insufficient to meet the requirement for energy. Thus, there is a big challenge to minimize the gap between the demand and supply for crude oil. Several methods to enhance oil recovery have been developed to increase the production from matured reservoirs and are referred to as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. This chapter discusses in detail about the various EOR methods, their applicability, and the screening criteria for various reservoir types. The EOR methods are further discussed in Indian contexts. This chapter also summarizes the details of various oilfields in India. The chapter will in general, help to understand the recent trends and the need of EOR for Indian oil reservoirs. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

Jitendra Shital Sangwai

Department Of Chemical Engineering

Mukesh Doble

Department Of Biotechnology

N. Sakthipriya

IIT Madras is a public technical and research university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Founded in 1959, it is recognised as an Institute of National Importance.

IIT Madras has been ranked as the top engineering institute in India for four years in a row by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the MHRD

It currently offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees across 16 disciplines in Engineering, Sciences, Humanities and Management. About 596 faculty belonging to science and engineering departments and centres of the Institute are engaged in teaching, research and industrial consultancy.

IIT Madras

Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques for Indian Reservoirs

Springer Geology

Pickering emulsion offers potential applications in several fields including oil and gas industry due to their enhanced stability. Oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions are usually stabilized by surfactant or nanoparticle or by both but show poor thermal stability which limits their use for high-temperature applications. In this work, a novel formulation of o/w emulsion stabilized using nanoparticle-surfactant-polymer system is investigated for the formulation of thermally stable Pickering emulsion. The conventional oilfield polymer polyacrylamide (PAM), surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and nanoparticles such as, SiO2, clay, and CuO in varying concentration are used. It is observed that the nanoparticle in the presence of surfactant and polymer synergistically interacted at the oil-water interface. The effect of temperature, pH, and salinity on the interfacial tension is investigated to understand the thermal stability. The emulsion system with partially hydrophobic clay nanoparticles in the presence of PAM and SDS shows higher thermal stability as compared to fully hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles. In the presence of salt, NaCl (1.0wt%), the thermal stability of clay and SiO2 stabilized emulsions is observed to be further promoted at higher temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the existence of a structured and rigid layer of nanoparticle at the oil-water interface. © 2014 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

Thermal stability of oil-in-water Pickering emulsion in the presence of nanoparticle, surfactant, and polymer

Production performance of a water alternate gas injection (WAG) method has been reported for the effect of several operating parameters, such as, WAG injection cycles, viz., single cycle WAG and five-cycle WAG and the tapered WAG at the reservoir conditions of 120°C and 230 kg/cm2 for hydrocarbon gas and CO2 gas. It is observed that the number of cycles in the WAG injection process affects the recovery of oil from the core sample. It is of oil initially in place. The observations on the effect of gases revealed that the CO2 gas with five-cycle WAG process gives higher incremental recovery than the five cycle WAG process using hydrocarbon gas. It is observed that the saturation profile of CO2 WAG injection shows the better gas saturation in the core as against the hydrocarbon gas in the WAG process. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology

Production performance of water alternate gas injection techniques for enhanced oil recovery: Effect of WAG ratio, number of WAG cycles and the type of injection gas

Introduction to nanofluids--their properties, synthesis, characterization, and applications Nanofluids are attracting a great deal of interest with their enormous potential to provide enhanced performance properties, particularly with respect to heat transfer. In response, this text takes you on a complete journey into the science and technology of nanofluids. The authors cover both the chemical and physical methods for synthesizing nanofluids, explaining the techniques for creating a stable suspension of nanoparticles. You get an overview of the existing models and experimental techniques used in studying nanofluids, alongside discussions of the challenges and problems associated with some of these models. Next, the authors set forth and explain the heat transfer applications of nanofluids, including microelectronics, fuel cells, and hybrid-powered engines. You also get an introduction to possible future applications in large-scale cooling and biomedicine. This book is the work of leading pioneers in the field, one of whom holds the first U.S. patent for nanofluids. They have combined their own first-hand knowledge with a thorough review of theliterature. Among the key topics are: Synthesis of nanofluids, including dispersion techniques and characterization methods Thermal conductivity and thermo-physical properties Theoretical models and experimental techniques Heat transfer applications in microelectronics, fuel cells, and vehicle engines This text is written for researchers in any branch of science and technology, without any prerequisite.It therefore includes some basic information describing conduction, convection, and boiling of nanofluids for those readers who may not have adequate background in these areas. Regardless of your background, you'll learn to develop nanofluids not only as coolants, but also for a host ofnew applications on the horizon. © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Journal	Data powered by TypesetSpringer Geology
Publisher	Data powered by TypesetSpringer
ISSN	21979545
Open Access	No