Single-stage direct bioconversion of cellulosic materials to ethanol, under almost the same fermentation conditions applied to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae-ethanol process, was attempted using intergeneric fusants of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414/S. cerevisiae NCIM 3288. Optimization of medium constituents was made using the Box-Behnken design method. The combined effect of pH and temperature on the fermentation was analyzed by the central composite design method. Under optimal conditions the fusant produced 0.17 g l-1 ethanol in 30 h. © 1995.

T Panda

Department Of Chemical Engineering

K. Jagannadha Rao

Kalaimahan Théodore

cellulose

article

Bioreactor

biotransformation

carbohydrate metabolism

Cell culture

culture medium

Fermentation

nonhuman

Saccharomyces

Technology

TRICHODERMA REESEI

yeast cell

HYPOCREA JECORINA

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

TRICHODERMA

IIT Madras is a public technical and research university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Founded in 1959, it is recognised as an Institute of National Importance.

IIT Madras has been ranked as the top engineering institute in India for four years in a row by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the MHRD

It currently offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees across 16 disciplines in Engineering, Sciences, Humanities and Management. About 596 faculty belonging to science and engineering departments and centres of the Institute are engaged in teaching, research and industrial consultancy.

IIT Madras

Direct conversion of cellulosic material to ethanol by the intergeneric fusant Trichoderma reesei QM 9414/Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3288

Enzyme and Microbial Technology

The combined effect of pH and temperature on carboxymethyl cellulase from two intergeneric fusants (M 14 and M 62) of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414/Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3288 was studied using response surface methodology. A central composite design for two variables was employed for the optimization studies. This study was compared with similar studies carried out with Trichoderma reesei QM 9414. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzymes derived from these organisms were: for the fusant M 14 - pH 5.7 and 41.7°C, for the fusant M 62 - pH 5.3 and 43°C, and for Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 - pH 4.31 and 38.3°C.

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

pH and thermal stability studies of carboxymethyl cellulase from intergeneric fusants of Trichoderma reesei/Saccharomyces cerevisiae

An attempt to produce ethanol from a cellulosic substrate by a single-stage process using intergeneric hybrids obtained from Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3288 fusants is described. Two hundred one fused strains were isolated using two different combinations of hybridization, followed by polyethylene glycol treatment of protoplasts derived from parent and mutant strains. Some fusants were either diploids or heterokaryons, as verified by a protoplast fused system obtained by auxotrophic mutants derived from T. reesei QM 9414 and S. cerevisiae NCIM 3288. Of the 201 fusants, 170 were found to be relatively stable. Two fusants (M14 and M62) showed the highest synthesis of ethanol from filter paper cellulose, producing 0.0149 and 0.0191 g l-1, respectively. © 1994.

Intergeneric hybridization of Trichoderma reesei QM9414 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3288 by protoplast fusion

Sodium gluconate and calcium gluconate methods are important techniques available for gluconic acid fermentation. The comparative analysis of these fermentations has been addressed using Aspergillus niger. The techniques are equally influenced by the spores age in slant growth, inoculum level in germination and production media, different levels of Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. Sodium gluconate method is promising with respect to lesser time for slant age (3 d) and lesser time of fermentation (6 d) compared to the calcium gluconate method (slant age - 6 d, and time of fermentation - 7 d). © 1993 Springer-Verlag.

Bioprocess Engineering

Comparative analysis of calcium gluconate and sodium gluconate techniques for the production of gluconic acid by Aspergillus niger

Efficient synthesis of large numbers of viable sphaeroplast from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been found to be influenced by a number of factors. In this case, Trichoderma harzianum, NCIM 1185, culture filtrate has been used to prepare sphaeroplast from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, NCIM 3288. A method has been devised to isolate large number of viable sphaeroplast from the cell. Detailed analysis of various factors affecting the formation of sphaeroplasts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has not yet been reported. This study showed critical analysis of various factors which influenced sphaeroplast formation. Most suitable conditions were: Age of the organism in slant - 1 d, cell age in liquid medium - 24 h, time of incubation of cell with 0.3% β-mercaptoethanol - 30 min, level of lytic ezyme concentration - 79.2 ml, concentration of cell (dry wt. equivalent) - 0.1262 g, time of contact with lytic enzyme - 25 min, temperature of sphaeroplast formation - 30 °C, phosphate buffer - 25 mM of pH 6.5 and KCl as osmotic stabilizer - 0.7 M. © 1992 Springer-Verlag.

Critical analysis of factors influencing sphaeroplast generation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Efficient synthesis of a large number of viable protoplasts from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Trichoderma reesei) mycelium has been found to be influenced by a number of factors. In this case, Trichoderma harzianum NCIM 1185 culture filtrate has been used to prepare protoplasts from Trichoderma longibrachiatum QM 9414. A method has been devised to isolate a large number of viable protoplasts from the mycelium. Detailed analysis of different factors affecting the synthesis of protoplasts from T. longibrachiatum has not yet been reported. The most suitable conditions for protoplasting were as follows: age of the organism in slant, 3 days; mycelium age, 20 h; volume of lytic enzymes, 190 ml; mycelial weight (dry equivalent), 1.66 g; time of contact with lytic enzymes, 2 h; temperature of protoplasting, 30°C; phosphate buffer, 25 mm, pH 6.5; KCl as osmotic stabilizer, 0.7 m. Proper spreading of the mycelium in contact with the lytic enzymes was also found to be necessary. © 1992.

Studies on critical analysis of factors influencing improved production of protoplasts from Trichoderma reesei mycelium

Oncology Journal of India

Giant liposarcoma of the anterior chest wall

Journal	Enzyme and Microbial Technology
ISSN	01410229
Open Access	No