Header menu link for other important links
X
Characterization of segregated greywater from Indian households—part B: emerging contaminants
, Delhiraja Krithika
Published in Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2020
Volume: 192
   
Issue: 7
Abstract

Emerging contaminants (ECs) have become an increasing area of concern due to the likely impacts of these compounds on human health and the environment. Generally, products which are used for households and personal care activities contribute to major percentage of ECs in household greywater. Not much information on the presence of xenobiotic organic compounds in greywater is currently available. Therefore, the present study focused on the qualitative and quantitative analyses of emerging contaminants from different classifications of Indian households. The qualitative screening of emerging pollutants by solid-phase extraction–gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (SPE-GC-MS) showed the presence of 78 different emerging contaminants from three different sources, which are categorized into ten different groups based on their chemical properties. The quantitative analysis of few selected target pollutants such as phthalic esters, namely diethyl hexyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, triclosan, bisphenol A, caffeine, acetaminophen, 3-methyl salicylic acid, 4-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol were found to be 0.38 ± 0.39 μg/L, 1.57 ± 1.54 μg/L, 4.77 ± 2.57 μg/L, 0.712 ± 0.17 μg/L, 5.82 ± 1.85 μg/L, 11.08 ± 2.64 μg/L, 2.30 ± 1.19 μg/L 13.18 ± 4.48 μg/L, 3.75 ± 1.90 μg/L, 4.95 ± 2.21 μg/L, and 5.96 μg/L, respectively. Risk assessment indicated that 63 compounds identified in the greywater can be considered priority pollutants. Based on the results obtained in the present study, effective zero-discharge liquid system can be designed for different sources of greywater and it can be recycled and reused without much risk.

About the journal
PublisherData powered by TypesetSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
Open AccessNo