In this paper, analysis of an open type flat plate collector for tannery effluent treatment is presented. The effects of parameters like orientation of collector, film thickness, insolation, ambient temperature and relative humidity on the effluent evaporation rate are studied. It is found that the collector facing south at an inclination of 12.68° and having a solution film thickness of 5 mm gives maximum year round performance. The performance of this open type flat plate collector is compared with that of the conventional pond. © 1994.

A Mani

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Atmospheric humidity

Atmospheric temperature

Effluent treatment

Effluents

Evaporation

SOLAR PONDS

Tanning

Thermal effects

COLLECTOR ORIENTATION

EFFLUENT EVAPORATION POND

Film thickness

OPEN TYPE FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR

TANNERY EFFLUENT TREATMENT

Solar collectors

IIT Madras is a public technical and research university located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Founded in 1959, it is recognised as an Institute of National Importance.

IIT Madras has been ranked as the top engineering institute in India for four years in a row by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the MHRD

It currently offers undergraduate, postgraduate and research degrees across 16 disciplines in Engineering, Sciences, Humanities and Management. About 596 faculty belonging to science and engineering departments and centres of the Institute are engaged in teaching, research and industrial consultancy.

IIT Madras

Analysis of an open type flat plate collector for tannery effluent treatment

Energy Conversion and Management

Presently, tanneries in Tamilnadu, India are required to segregate the effluent of soaking and pickling sections from other wastewater streams and send it to shallow solar pans for evaporation to avoid land pollution. A large area of solar pans is required for evaporating the water in the effluent at salt concentration in the range of 4-5%. An experimental study has been made by using fibre reinforced plastic flat plate collector (FRP-FPC) and spray system in a pilot plant with a capacity to handle 5000 l per day, which increases the evaporation rate. After increasing the salt concentration level to near saturation limit, the concentrated liquid was sent to conventional solar pans for its continued evaporation and recovery of salt. In this improved system, the rate of evaporation was found to be 30-40% more than that in the conventional solar pans. The performance is compared with the theoretically simulated performance. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solar Energy

Open fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) flat plate collector (FPC) and spray network systems for augmenting the evaporation rate of tannery effluent (soak liquor)

Heat and mass transfer analysis of an incompressible, laminar boundary layer over solar flat plate collector evaporation systems for tannery effluent (soak liquor) is investigated. The governing equations are solved for various liquid to air velocity ratios. Profiles of velocity, temperature and concentration as well as their gradients are presented. The heat transfer and mass transfer coefficients thus obtained are used to evaluate mass of water evaporated for an inclined fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) solar flat plate collector (FPC) with and without cover. Comparison of these results with the experimental performance shows encouraging trend of good agreement between them.

Fulltext

Journal of Zhejiang University: Science

Studies on solar flat plate collector evaporation systems for tannery effluent (soak liquor)

The performance of flat-plate collectors serving as low- and high-pressure generators in a two-stage intermittent solar refrigeration system is predicted from transient heat-transfer analysis. Experimental results obtained with a laboratory, two-stage solar refrigerator are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. The agreement is found to be good. © 1991.

Energy

Theoretical and experimental investigations of generators in a two-stage solar refrigerator

Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes

Thermal Energy Storage

Journal	Energy Conversion and Management
ISSN	01968904
Open Access	No