At present, additively manufactured biomedical materials find extensive applications in a wide range of avenues ranging from orthopaedics to urology. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques based on the layerwise deposition of materials allow fabrication of complex-shaped biomedical components with a high level of accuracy. In this context, the major challenge is to obtain robust and functional engineering components. This may be attributed to a large-scale microstructural inhomogeneity arising due to the aforementioned deposition methodology followed in the AM-based techniques. In addition, the other challenges include size limitations, quality inconsistency, scaling issues and the high cost of manufacturing of final parts. This leads to a major limitation of AM-based biomedical components in terms of their mechanical biocompatibility with the adjoining bones and tissues. One of the ways to overcome the aforementioned challenges is to engineer the microstructure in these materials to optimise the parameters involved in AM-based fabrication techniques. The present chapter is aimed to provide an overview of the different AM-based techniques involved in the fabrication of commonly used biomaterials and the common characterisation techniques for establishing a systematic structure–property correlation in these materials. Moreover, future outlooks and challenges associated with these materials have been addressed from the authors’ viewpoints at the end of the chapter.